{
    "slug": "cutting-parameters",
    "title": "CNC Cutting Parameters by Material: Speeds & Feeds",
    "description": "Cutting speed, feed and depth of cut for turning and milling eight CNC materials with carbide inserts, plus coolant and depth-of-cut strategy each one needs.",
    "lang": "en",
    "tables": [
        {
            "caption": "Turning — cutting speed, feed and depth of cut (carbide inserts)",
            "columns": [
                "Material and condition",
                "Cutting speed (m/min)",
                "Feed (mm/rev)",
                "DOC roughing (mm)",
                "DOC finishing (mm)",
                "Coolant",
                "Source"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "Material and condition": "Aluminum 6061-T6 (wrought, heat-treatable, ~95 HB)",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "300–1000",
                    "Feed (mm/rev)": "0.1–0.3",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "0.5–3.0",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.2–0.5",
                    "Coolant": "Flood emulsion, high volume",
                    "Source": "S4 — ISCAR ISOTURN P25 (wrought hardenable)"
                },
                {
                    "Material and condition": "Aluminum 7075-T6 (wrought, heat-treatable, ~150 HB)",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "300–1000",
                    "Feed (mm/rev)": "0.1–0.3",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "0.5–3.0",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.2–0.5",
                    "Coolant": "Flood emulsion, high volume",
                    "Source": "S4 — ISCAR ISOTURN P25 (lower half of the range for 7075)"
                },
                {
                    "Material and condition": "Aluminum 6061 / 7075 (PCD tooling, reference row)",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "600–2500",
                    "Feed (mm/rev)": "0.1–0.3",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "0.05–0.3",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.05–0.2",
                    "Coolant": "Flood or oil mist",
                    "Source": "S4 — ISCAR ISOTURN P31 (PCD column)"
                },
                {
                    "Material and condition": "Carbon steel 1045 (180–280 HB)",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "160–275",
                    "Feed (mm/rev)": "0.4–1.2",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "2.0–8.0",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.3–1.0 (est.)",
                    "Coolant": "Emulsion",
                    "Source": "S3 — Mitsubishi B045, P group (UE6110 / MC6025)"
                },
                {
                    "Material and condition": "Alloy steel 4140 (180–280 HB, quenched and tempered)",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "160–275",
                    "Feed (mm/rev)": "0.4–1.2",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "2.0–10.0",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.3–1.0 (est.)",
                    "Coolant": "Emulsion",
                    "Source": "S3 — Mitsubishi B045, P group"
                },
                {
                    "Material and condition": "Stainless 304 (≤200 HB)",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "75–140",
                    "Feed (mm/rev)": "0.4–1.1",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "1.5–8.0",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.3–1.0 (est.)",
                    "Coolant": "Flood emulsion, high volume",
                    "Source": "S3 — Mitsubishi B045, M group (US735)"
                },
                {
                    "Material and condition": "Stainless 316 (≤200 HB)",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "75–140",
                    "Feed (mm/rev)": "0.4–1.1",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "1.5–8.0",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.3–1.0 (est.)",
                    "Coolant": "Flood emulsion, high volume",
                    "Source": "S3 — Mitsubishi B045, M group"
                },
                {
                    "Material and condition": "Titanium Ti-6Al-4V (annealed, ~33–36 HRC)",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "40–60",
                    "Feed (mm/rev)": "0.20–0.40",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "1.0–3.0",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.3–0.8",
                    "Coolant": "High-pressure coolant (HPC) — mandatory, not optional",
                    "Source": "Sandvik titanium machining guidance (~60 m/min roughing); Machinery's Handbook 27 ed., Table 7 (29–76 m/min at 0.20–0.43 mm/rev)"
                },
                {
                    "Material and condition": "Brass C36000 (free-cutting, ~90 HB)",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "180–400",
                    "Feed (mm/rev)": "0.1–0.3",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "0.5–3.0",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.2–0.5",
                    "Coolant": "Dry or minimal oil mist",
                    "Source": "S4 — ISCAR ISOTURN P25 (brass column)"
                },
                {
                    "Material and condition": "Brass C36000 (PCD tooling, reference row)",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "600–800",
                    "Feed (mm/rev)": "0.1–0.3",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "0.05–0.3",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.05–0.2",
                    "Coolant": "Dry or oil mist",
                    "Source": "S4 — ISCAR ISOTURN P31 (PCD column)"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "Face Milling (Carbide)",
            "columns": [
                "Material",
                "Cutting speed (m/min)",
                "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)",
                "DOC roughing (mm)",
                "DOC finishing (mm)",
                "Coolant",
                "Source"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "Material": "Aluminum 6061-T6 / 7075-T6",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "244+ (from 800 SFM)",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.15–0.19",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "1.0–3.0",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.3–0.5",
                    "Coolant": "Flood or MQL",
                    "Source": "S1 — Data Flute, Aluminum 6061/7075 column"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Carbon steel 1045",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "61–137",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.076",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "1.0–3.0 (×DC)",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.3–0.5 (×DC)",
                    "Coolant": "Emulsion",
                    "Source": "S1 — Data Flute, carbon steels <32 Rc"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Alloy steel 4140",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "46–91",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.064",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "1.0–2.5 (×DC)",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.3–0.5 (×DC)",
                    "Coolant": "Emulsion",
                    "Source": "S1 — Data Flute, alloy steel 40XX/41XX"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Stainless 304 / 316",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "46–107",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.071",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "1.0–2.5 (×DC)",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.3–0.5 (×DC)",
                    "Coolant": "Flood emulsion, high volume",
                    "Source": "S1 — Data Flute, stainless 300 series"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Titanium Ti-6Al-4V",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "43–61",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.064",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "0.5–1.5",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.2–0.5",
                    "Coolant": "High-pressure coolant (HPC)",
                    "Source": "S1 — Data Flute, titanium cast/wrought 6AL4V"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Titanium Ti-6Al-4V (IC830 face mill, reference row)",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "51–55",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.13–0.18",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "1.5",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "—",
                    "Coolant": "High-pressure coolant (HPC)",
                    "Source": "S5 — ISCAR Machining Titanium p32 (Vc=55, Km=1, Ke=0.92)"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Brass C36000",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "152–274",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.165",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "1.0–3.0 (×DC)",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "0.3–0.5 (×DC)",
                    "Coolant": "Dry or oil mist",
                    "Source": "S1 — Data Flute, brass (yellow/red/leaded)"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "End Milling (Carbide)",
            "columns": [
                "Material",
                "Cutting speed (m/min)",
                "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)",
                "DOC roughing (mm)",
                "DOC finishing (mm)",
                "Coolant",
                "Source"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "Material": "Aluminum 6061-T6 / 7075-T6",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "244+",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.19 (HP) / 0.29 (finishing)",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "≤0.3×D ≈ 3.6",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "≤0.05×D ≈ 0.6",
                    "Coolant": "Flood or MQL",
                    "Source": "S1 + S2 (depth-of-cut basis S2)"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Carbon steel 1045",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "61–137",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.076",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "≤0.3×D ≈ 3.6",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "≤0.05×D ≈ 0.6",
                    "Coolant": "Emulsion",
                    "Source": "S1 + S2"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Alloy steel 4140",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "46–91",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.064",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "≤0.3×D ≈ 3.6",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "≤0.05×D ≈ 0.6",
                    "Coolant": "Emulsion",
                    "Source": "S1 + S2"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Stainless 304 / 316",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "46–107",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.071",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "≤0.2×D ≈ 2.4",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "≤0.05×D ≈ 0.6",
                    "Coolant": "Flood emulsion, high volume",
                    "Source": "S1 + S2"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Titanium Ti-6Al-4V",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "43–61",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.064",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "≤0.15×D ≈ 1.8",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "≤0.05×D ≈ 0.6",
                    "Coolant": "High-pressure coolant (HPC)",
                    "Source": "S1 + S5"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Brass C36000",
                    "Cutting speed (m/min)": "152–274",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.165",
                    "DOC roughing (mm)": "≤0.3×D ≈ 3.6",
                    "DOC finishing (mm)": "≤0.05×D ≈ 0.6",
                    "Coolant": "Dry or oil mist",
                    "Source": "S1"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "Two Valid Speed Bands — Do Not Average Them",
            "columns": [
                "Case",
                "Vc (m/min)",
                "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)",
                "DOC strategy",
                "Applies when",
                "Source"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "Case": "End milling, stainless 304/316 (US/EU shop basis)",
                    "Vc (m/min)": "46–107",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.071",
                    "DOC strategy": "≤0.2×D",
                    "Applies when": "Solid carbide end mill, heavy roughing, tool life first",
                    "Source": "S1 (SSDH/MH-RO, 150–350 SFM)"
                },
                {
                    "Case": "End milling, stainless 304/316 (Japanese insert basis)",
                    "Vc (m/min)": "100–200 (nominal 150)",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.2 (≤0.4)",
                    "DOC strategy": "≤0.05×D",
                    "Applies when": "VP15TF coated insert, shallow depth, high rpm, stable setup",
                    "Source": "S2 — Mitsubishi SRF/SUF"
                },
                {
                    "Case": "End milling, carbon steel 1045 (US/EU shop basis)",
                    "Vc (m/min)": "61–137",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "0.076",
                    "DOC strategy": "≤0.3×D",
                    "Applies when": "Solid carbide end mill, tool life first",
                    "Source": "S1"
                },
                {
                    "Case": "End milling, carbon steel (Japanese insert basis)",
                    "Vc (m/min)": "80–300 (nominal 200)",
                    "Feed per tooth (mm, Ø12)": "—",
                    "DOC strategy": "≤0.05×D",
                    "Applies when": "Coated insert, shallow depth, high rpm",
                    "Source": "S2 — Mitsubishi SRF/SUF"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}