{
    "slug": "material-density",
    "title": "Material Density Table for Weight & Cost Estimation",
    "description": "Density of 20 CNC materials in g/cm³ and lb/in³ with the weight of a 100 × 100 × 10 mm blank, plus the formulas to turn drawing dimensions into material cost.",
    "lang": "en",
    "tables": [
        {
            "caption": "Density and reference-blank weight by material",
            "columns": [
                "Material",
                "Designation",
                "Density (g/cm³)",
                "Density (lb/in³)",
                "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)",
                "Source"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "Material": "Aluminium 1060",
                    "Designation": "UNS A91060",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "2.705",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.09772",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.271",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — Aluminum 1060-H12"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Aluminium 6061-T6 / T651",
                    "Designation": "UNS A96061",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "2.70",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.0975",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.270",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — Aluminum 6061-T4; 6061-T451"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Aluminium 7075-T6 / T651",
                    "Designation": "UNS A97075",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "2.81",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.102",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.281",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — Aluminum 7075-O"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Copper, ETP",
                    "Designation": "UNS C11000",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "8.89",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.321",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.889",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — ETP copper, UNS C11000"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Brass, free-cutting",
                    "Designation": "UNS C36000",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "8.50",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.307",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.850",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — free-cutting brass C36000, H02"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Carbon steel 1045",
                    "Designation": "UNS G10450",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "7.87",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.284",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.787",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — AISI 1045, hot rolled / cold drawn"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Alloy steel 4140",
                    "Designation": "UNS G41400",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "7.85",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.284",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.785",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — AISI 4140, normalized / quenched and tempered"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Stainless steel 304",
                    "Designation": "UNS S30400",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "7.93",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.286",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.793",
                    "Source": "ASTM A240/A276 + EN 10088-2 (1.4301) + JIS G4304 (three agreeing sources)"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Stainless steel 316",
                    "Designation": "UNS S31600",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "7.92",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.286",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.792",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — austenitic stainless 316, annealed"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Stainless steel 17-4PH",
                    "Designation": "UNS S17400",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "7.80",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.282",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.780",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — AK Steel 17-4 PH, condition H925"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Titanium Ti-6Al-4V, Grade 5",
                    "Designation": "UNS R56400",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "4.43",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.160",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.443",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5), STA"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Mould steel P20",
                    "Designation": "1.2311",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "7.81",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.282",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.781",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — P20 Premium Modified, hardened 310 HB"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Hot-work tool steel H13",
                    "Designation": "1.2344",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "7.80",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.282",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.780",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — ATI Allegheny Ludlum H13, UNS T20813"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Grey cast iron HT250",
                    "Designation": "EN-GJL-250; ASTM A48 Class 35",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "7.20",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.260",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.720",
                    "Source": "MatWeb — gray cast iron category average (35 grades)"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Acetal POM (Delrin), unreinforced",
                    "Designation": "—",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "1.41",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.0509",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.141",
                    "Source": "Ensinger TECAFORM MT datasheet"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Nylon PA6, MC",
                    "Designation": "—",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "1.14",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.0412",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.114",
                    "Source": "Mitsubishi Chemical Ertalon 6 SA datasheet"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "PEEK, unreinforced",
                    "Designation": "—",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "1.31",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.0473",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.131",
                    "Source": "Ensinger TECAPEEK datasheet"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "ABS, general purpose",
                    "Designation": "—",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "1.04",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.0376",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.104",
                    "Source": "Ensinger TECARAN ABS datasheet"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "PTFE (Teflon)",
                    "Designation": "—",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "2.15",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.0777",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.215",
                    "Source": "Ensinger TECAFLON PTFE datasheet"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "HDPE (PE)",
                    "Designation": "—",
                    "Density (g/cm³)": "0.95",
                    "Density (lb/in³)": "0.0343",
                    "Blank weight, 100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.095",
                    "Source": "Ensinger TECAFINE HDPE natural product datasheet"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "From Drawing Dimensions to Weight",
            "columns": [
                "Shape",
                "Formula",
                "Worked example",
                "Note"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "Shape": "Rectangular block",
                    "Formula": "kg = L × W × T × ρ ÷ 1,000,000",
                    "Worked example": "100 × 100 × 10 mm in 6061: 100 cm³ × 2.70 = 0.270 kg",
                    "Note": "Use the density row for the exact grade on the order."
                },
                {
                    "Shape": "Round bar",
                    "Formula": "kg = π × D² ÷ 4 × L × ρ ÷ 1,000,000",
                    "Worked example": "Ø50 × 300 mm in 6061: area 1,963.50 mm², volume 589.05 cm³, mass 1.590 kg",
                    "Note": "At a material price of $X/kg the bar costs 1.590 × $X."
                },
                {
                    "Shape": "Tube / hollow section",
                    "Formula": "kg = π ÷ 4 × (Dₒ² − Dᵢ²) × L × ρ ÷ 1,000,000",
                    "Worked example": "Subtract the bore area before multiplying by length and density",
                    "Note": "Works for any hollow profile — outer minus inner area."
                },
                {
                    "Shape": "Imperial units",
                    "Formula": "lb = L × W × T × ρ",
                    "Worked example": "Dimensions in inches with ρ in lb/in³ from the table above",
                    "Note": "Stays in inches — no 25.4 conversions needed."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "Compare Cost per Part, Not per Kilogram",
            "columns": [
                "Material",
                "Blank weight (kg)",
                "Material cost at $X/kg"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "Material": "Aluminium 6061",
                    "Blank weight (kg)": "0.270",
                    "Material cost at $X/kg": "0.270 × $X"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Aluminium 7075",
                    "Blank weight (kg)": "0.281",
                    "Material cost at $X/kg": "0.281 × $X"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Stainless steel 304",
                    "Blank weight (kg)": "0.793",
                    "Material cost at $X/kg": "0.793 × $X"
                },
                {
                    "Material": "Titanium Ti-6Al-4V",
                    "Blank weight (kg)": "0.443",
                    "Material cost at $X/kg": "0.443 × $X"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "Finished Weight vs Purchased Weight",
            "columns": [
                "Step",
                "Calculation",
                "Result"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "Step": "Machining yield",
                    "Calculation": "0.200 ÷ 0.270",
                    "Result": "74.1%"
                },
                {
                    "Step": "Material that becomes swarf",
                    "Calculation": "0.270 − 0.200",
                    "Result": "0.070 kg (25.9% of the blank)"
                },
                {
                    "Step": "Cost of the swarf",
                    "Calculation": "0.070 kg × $X/kg",
                    "Result": "Already invoiced — quote material on the purchased weight and show the yield as a separate line"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "When the Density Moves",
            "columns": [
                "Case",
                "What changes",
                "Action"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "Case": "P20 mould steel",
                    "What changes": "7.81 g/cm³ at room temperature → 7.75 hardened to 310 HB; H13 goes 7.81 → 7.78 → 7.67 → 7.53 as it heats toward 400 / 800 °C",
                    "Action": "Quote with the room-temperature value and state the condition on the quote."
                },
                {
                    "Case": "POM (Delrin)",
                    "What changes": "unreinforced 1.41 · black 1.42 · PTFE-filled 1.43 · 25% glass-filled 1.54",
                    "Action": "State the exact grade — a glass-filled blank is 9% heavier than the plain grade."
                },
                {
                    "Case": "PEEK",
                    "What changes": "unreinforced 1.31 · 30% glass 1.37 · 50% carbon 1.52",
                    "Action": "State the reinforcement — 50% carbon is 16% heavier than virgin PEEK."
                },
                {
                    "Case": "Nylon PA6",
                    "What changes": "equilibrium moisture uptake 8%",
                    "Action": "Long-stored nylon parts weigh more than the dry-state calculation."
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}