{
    "slug": "coating-thickness",
    "title": "按表面处理划分的膜厚与盐雾小时数",
    "description": "13 种 CNC 表面处理的膜厚与中性盐雾小时数对照：阳极氧化、电镀锌、热镀锌、锌片涂层、磷化、发黑、粉末喷涂与镍铬镀层，逐项注明试验条件、适用基材与合格/失效判据。",
    "lang": "zh",
    "tables": [
        {
            "caption": "膜厚与耐蚀性——13 种表面处理（NSS 按 ASTM B117 / ISO 9227）",
            "columns": [
                "工艺",
                "膜厚（µm）",
                "盐雾，NSS——注明判据",
                "基材",
                "典型应用",
                "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）",
                "标准",
                "来源"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "工艺": "Anodizing Type II (sulfuric, conventional)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "5–25 (spec window 2–25; decorative Class 2 commonly 8–15)",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "336 h, sealed specimens, no corrosion beyond spec limits",
                    "基材": "Aluminum alloys",
                    "典型应用": "外壳、消费电子、装饰件",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "3",
                    "标准": "MIL-PRF-8625F (formerly MIL-A-8625F) Type II",
                    "来源": "S1 / S3 / S4"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Anodizing Type III (hardcoat)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "25–75 (nominal 50.8 µm / 0.002 in)",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "336 h, sealed specimens, no corrosion beyond spec limits",
                    "基材": "Aluminum alloys",
                    "典型应用": "液压缸孔、耐磨板",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "4",
                    "标准": "MIL-PRF-8625F Type III; ISO 10074",
                    "来源": "S2 / S3"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Electroless nickel, mid-phosphorus (Type IV, 5–9% P)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "SC1 5 / SC2 13 / SC3 25 / SC4 75 (minimums)",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "Typically 48–96 h to red rust (supplier data; B733 itself sets no NSS hours)",
                    "基材": "Steel, aluminum, stainless, copper alloys",
                    "典型应用": "阀体、一般工业零件",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "4",
                    "标准": "ASTM B733",
                    "来源": "S5 / S6 / S7"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Electroless nickel, high-phosphorus (Type V, above 10% P)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "≥25 (SC3 and up; marine commonly 50)",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "Typically ≥1,000 h to red rust at 25 µm; up to 2,000 h after diffusion treatment (supplier data)",
                    "基材": "Steel, aluminum, copper",
                    "典型应用": "海洋、油气、非磁性零件",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "5",
                    "标准": "ASTM B733 (high-phosphorus salt-spray clause)",
                    "来源": "S5 / S7 / S8 / S9"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Zinc electroplate + clear trivalent passivate (Type V)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "SC1 5 / SC2 8 / SC3 12 / SC4 25 (minimums)",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "72 h to white rust (Type V)",
                    "基材": "Steel",
                    "典型应用": "室内和轻载紧固件及零件",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "2",
                    "标准": "ASTM B633",
                    "来源": "S10 / S11 / S12"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Zinc electroplate + colored passivate (Type II hexavalent / Type VI trivalent)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "SC1 5 / SC2 8 / SC3 12 / SC4 25 (minimums)",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "96 h (Type II) / 120 h (Type VI) to white rust",
                    "基材": "Steel",
                    "典型应用": "接近户外的五金件",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "2",
                    "标准": "ASTM B633",
                    "来源": "S10 / S11 / S12"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Hot-dip galvanizing (HDG)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "45–100 (A123 grade, by steel category and thickness); EN ISO 1461: 85 µm average on steel ≥6 mm",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "Not specified by standard — accepted by thickness; typically 500 h+ to red rust (supplier data)",
                    "基材": "Steel",
                    "典型应用": "结构件、长寿命户外",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "2",
                    "标准": "ASTM A123 (parts) / A153 (fasteners); EN ISO 1461",
                    "来源": "S14 / S15 / S16 / S26"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Zinc-flake coating (Dacromet / Geomet type)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "4–10 (sealer plus topcoat, reference)",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "240 h at 4 µm / 480 h at 5 / 600 h at 6 / 720 h at 8 / 960 h at 10 µm, no red rust; 72 h no red rust at a scribe (sacrificial)",
                    "基材": "Steel (preferred on ≥1,000 MPa high-strength fasteners)",
                    "典型应用": "汽车底盘螺栓；必须排除氢脆风险的场合",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "3",
                    "标准": "ISO 10683:2018",
                    "来源": "S17 / S18 / S19"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Zinc phosphate (Type Z) + oil (Class 2)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "2–15",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "≥72 h to red rust with the specified oil supplement",
                    "基材": "Steel",
                    "典型应用": "油漆和粉末喷涂前处理、紧固件",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "1",
                    "标准": "MIL-DTL-16232G",
                    "来源": "S20 / S21 / S23"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Manganese phosphate (Type M) + oil (Class 2)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "Heavy film (accepted by coating weight per area, not µm)",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "≥48 h to red rust with the specified oil supplement",
                    "基材": "Steel",
                    "典型应用": "齿轮和滑动件，用于跑合和储油",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "1",
                    "标准": "MIL-DTL-16232G (DFL supplemental system: 100 h clause)",
                    "来源": "S20 / S22 / S23"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Black oxide + supplementary oil or wax",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "0.5–2 (magnetite film ≈0.76 µm)",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "24–48 h (S26) / 24–72 h (S24) to red rust — both intervals listed, see the register",
                    "基材": "Steel, stainless",
                    "典型应用": "室内机械、外观件、零尺寸变化",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "1",
                    "标准": "MIL-DTL-13924",
                    "来源": "S24 / S25 / S26"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Powder coating (epoxy / polyester / hybrid)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "60–120",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "Typically epoxy 1,000+ h / polyester 500–1,000 h / hybrid 500–800 h; acceptance by scribe creepage ≤2–3 mm (ASTM D1654)",
                    "基材": "Steel, aluminum",
                    "典型应用": "外壳、家具、建筑型材",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "2",
                    "标准": "Test methods ASTM B117 + D1654/D714 (no single governing spec; QUALICOAT for architectural)",
                    "来源": "S27 / S28 / S29"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Decorative nickel + chromium (Ni/Cr)",
                    "膜厚（µm）": "Ni 10–30 + Cr 0.13–0.8 (DB34 example: Ni ≥20 + Cr ≥0.25)",
                    "盐雾，NSS——注明判据": "NSS 24–96 h depending on system (single-layer 12 µm Ni ≈24 h; copper under-layer + multilayer Ni passes 96 h); acceptance via CASS (ASTM B368), SC4 service condition 22–24 h",
                    "基材": "Steel, brass, copper alloys",
                    "典型应用": "装饰五金、手工具",
                    "成本等级（编辑评级，1–5）": "4",
                    "标准": "ASTM B456 / B368",
                    "来源": "S30 / S31"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "我的零件是 6061 铝——哪种涂层能通过 500 小时盐雾？",
            "columns": [
                "涂层（适用于铝）",
                "厚度（µm）",
                "NSS 小时数",
                "怎么读"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "涂层（适用于铝）": "Type II anodize, sealed",
                    "厚度（µm）": "5–25",
                    "NSS 小时数": "336 h (spec)",
                    "怎么读": "外观默认选择；尺寸精度紧"
                },
                {
                    "涂层（适用于铝）": "Type III hardcoat, sealed",
                    "厚度（µm）": "25–75",
                    "NSS 小时数": "336 h (spec); typically higher",
                    "怎么读": "耐磨与耐蚀一步到位"
                },
                {
                    "涂层（适用于铝）": "High-phosphorus electroless nickel",
                    "厚度（µm）": "≥25",
                    "NSS 小时数": "≥1,000 h typical (supplier data)",
                    "怎么读": "盲孔内均匀；1,000 h+ 的选择"
                },
                {
                    "涂层（适用于铝）": "Polyester powder",
                    "厚度（µm）": "60–120",
                    "NSS 小时数": "500–1,000 h typical",
                    "怎么读": "最厚的屏障；增加的尺寸最多"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "硬质阳极氧化会给零件尺寸增加多少？",
            "columns": [
                "情形",
                "厚度（µm）",
                "每面增厚（µm）",
                "全涂层直径增量（µm）"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "情形": "Type III at nominal 50 (spec 50.8 µm / 0.002 in)",
                    "厚度（µm）": "50",
                    "每面增厚（µm）": "≈25",
                    "全涂层直径增量（µm）": "≈50"
                },
                {
                    "情形": "Type II at the 8–15 mid-band (12 µm, calculated)",
                    "厚度（µm）": "12",
                    "每面增厚（µm）": "≈6",
                    "全涂层直径增量（µm）": "≈12"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "户外用电镀锌需要多厚？",
            "columns": [
                "使用条件",
                "最低锌层（µm）",
                "典型环境",
                "Type V 透明（至白锈的小时数）",
                "Type II 彩色（至白锈的小时数）",
                "Type VI 彩色（至白锈的小时数）"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "使用条件": "SC1",
                    "最低锌层（µm）": "5",
                    "典型环境": "室内、干燥",
                    "Type V 透明（至白锈的小时数）": "72",
                    "Type II 彩色（至白锈的小时数）": "96",
                    "Type VI 彩色（至白锈的小时数）": "120"
                },
                {
                    "使用条件": "SC2",
                    "最低锌层（µm）": "8",
                    "典型环境": "室内潮湿、轻度暴露",
                    "Type V 透明（至白锈的小时数）": "72",
                    "Type II 彩色（至白锈的小时数）": "96",
                    "Type VI 彩色（至白锈的小时数）": "120"
                },
                {
                    "使用条件": "SC3",
                    "最低锌层（µm）": "12",
                    "典型环境": "偶遇降雨和冷凝",
                    "Type V 透明（至白锈的小时数）": "72",
                    "Type II 彩色（至白锈的小时数）": "96",
                    "Type VI 彩色（至白锈的小时数）": "120"
                },
                {
                    "使用条件": "SC4",
                    "最低锌层（µm）": "25",
                    "典型环境": "含盐或经常潮湿",
                    "Type V 透明（至白锈的小时数）": "72",
                    "Type II 彩色（至白锈的小时数）": "96",
                    "Type VI 彩色（至白锈的小时数）": "120"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "蓝白锌还是黄锌——哪种更耐久？",
            "columns": [
                "钝化类型",
                "化学体系",
                "至白锈"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "钝化类型": "Type V",
                    "化学体系": "透明三价钝化（蓝白）",
                    "至白锈": "72 h"
                },
                {
                    "钝化类型": "Type II",
                    "化学体系": "彩色铬酸盐，六价（黄色）",
                    "至白锈": "96 h"
                },
                {
                    "钝化类型": "Type VI",
                    "化学体系": "彩色钝化，三价",
                    "至白锈": "120 h"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "为什么 12.9 级螺栓要指定锌片涂层？",
            "columns": [
                "涂层厚度（µm）",
                "NSS 至首次红锈（h）"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "涂层厚度（µm）": "4",
                    "NSS 至首次红锈（h）": "240"
                },
                {
                    "涂层厚度（µm）": "5",
                    "NSS 至首次红锈（h）": "480"
                },
                {
                    "涂层厚度（µm）": "6",
                    "NSS 至首次红锈（h）": "600"
                },
                {
                    "涂层厚度（µm）": "8",
                    "NSS 至首次红锈（h）": "720"
                },
                {
                    "涂层厚度（µm）": "10",
                    "NSS 至首次红锈（h）": "960"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "热镀锌需要盐雾证书吗？",
            "columns": [
                "标准",
                "范围",
                "验收依据",
                "镀层厚度"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "标准": "ASTM A123",
                    "范围": "Articles and assemblies after fabrication",
                    "验收依据": "Coating grade by steel category and thickness",
                    "镀层厚度": "45–100 µm average"
                },
                {
                    "标准": "ASTM A153",
                    "范围": "Fasteners and hardware",
                    "验收依据": "Coating class",
                    "镀层厚度": "Per class; not tabulated on this page"
                },
                {
                    "标准": "EN ISO 1461",
                    "范围": "After-fabrication galvanizing",
                    "验收依据": "Average minimum by steel thickness",
                    "镀层厚度": "85 µm average on steel ≥6 mm"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "化学镀镍能通过 1,000 小时吗？",
            "columns": [
                "类型",
                "厚度等级",
                "典型 NSS",
                "典型用途"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "类型": "Type IV, mid-P (5–9% P)",
                    "厚度等级": "SC1 5 / SC2 13 / SC3 25 / SC4 75 µm minimums",
                    "典型 NSS": "48–96 h to red rust",
                    "典型用途": "阀体、一般工业"
                },
                {
                    "类型": "Type V, high-P (above 10% P)",
                    "厚度等级": "≥25 µm (SC3 and up); marine commonly 50 µm",
                    "典型 NSS": "≥1,000 h to red rust; up to 2,000 h after diffusion",
                    "典型用途": "海洋、油气、非磁性零件"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "发黑能满足户外零件吗？",
            "columns": [
                "工艺",
                "膜层",
                "加补充处理后的 NSS",
                "补充处理"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "工艺": "Black oxide (MIL-DTL-13924)",
                    "膜层": "0.5–2 µm (≈0.76 µm magnetite)",
                    "加补充处理后的 NSS": "24–48 h (S26) / 24–72 h (S24) to red rust",
                    "补充处理": "必须上油或蜡"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Zinc phosphate, Type Z (MIL-DTL-16232G)",
                    "膜层": "2–15 µm",
                    "加补充处理后的 NSS": "≥72 h to red rust",
                    "补充处理": "规定用油，Class 2"
                },
                {
                    "工艺": "Manganese phosphate, Type M (MIL-DTL-16232G)",
                    "膜层": "Heavy film, accepted by coating weight",
                    "加补充处理后的 NSS": "≥48 h to red rust; DFL supplemental system 100 h",
                    "补充处理": "规定用油，Class 2"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "户外铝外壳用粉末喷涂还是阳极氧化？",
            "columns": [
                "树脂体系",
                "厚度（µm）",
                "典型 NSS",
                "备注"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "树脂体系": "Epoxy",
                    "厚度（µm）": "60–120",
                    "典型 NSS": "1,000+ h",
                    "备注": "三种体系中小时数最高"
                },
                {
                    "树脂体系": "Polyester",
                    "厚度（µm）": "60–120",
                    "典型 NSS": "500–1,000 h",
                    "备注": "户外常见选择"
                },
                {
                    "树脂体系": "Hybrid (epoxy-polyester)",
                    "厚度（µm）": "60–120",
                    "典型 NSS": "500–800 h",
                    "备注": "两者之间的平衡"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "装饰性镀铬下面需要多少镍？",
            "columns": [
                "冲突点",
                "来源 A",
                "来源 B",
                "本页处理方式"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "冲突点": "Black oxide + oil salt-spray interval",
                    "来源 A": "24–48 h (S26)",
                    "来源 B": "24–72 h (S24)",
                    "本页处理方式": "两个区间都列在主表中；按保守的 24 h 取值"
                },
                {
                    "冲突点": "ASTM B633 salt-spray hours",
                    "来源 A": "Type II 96 h / Type V 72 h / Type VI 120 h to white rust (S10, S11, S12 agree)",
                    "来源 B": "Type I 48 h / Type II 240 h to red rust (S13, single source)",
                    "本页处理方式": "表格采用三来源一致的数值组；S13 隔离在此处，不进表格"
                },
                {
                    "冲突点": "Zinc SC3 thickness",
                    "来源 A": "12 µm (S10, S11, S12)",
                    "来源 B": "13 µm (S15, rounding of 0.0005 in)",
                    "本页处理方式": "表格锁定 12 µm；取整问题在脚注中说明"
                },
                {
                    "冲突点": "Type II anodize salt spray",
                    "来源 A": "Sealed 336 h per MIL-PRF-8625F (S1, S3, S4)",
                    "来源 B": "Up to 168 h (low-authority SEO page)",
                    "本页处理方式": "按规范为 336 h；SEO 来源的数字被舍弃"
                },
                {
                    "冲突点": "HDG salt-spray hours",
                    "来源 A": "Not specified by the standard — accepted by thickness grade (S14, S15, S16)",
                    "来源 B": "500 h+ to red rust (S26, supplier data)",
                    "本页处理方式": "表格写明标准未规定；典型值单独列出"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}