{
    "slug": "grooving-parting-widths",
    "title": "切槽与切断刀片宽度选择对照表",
    "description": "按 Sandvik 公开数据给出切断与切槽刀片宽度-直径对照、悬伸刚性规则，以及 O 形圈槽、挡圈槽和螺纹退刀槽的标准槽宽，便于按棒料直径直接选刀，减少试切浪费。",
    "lang": "zh",
    "tables": [
        {
            "caption": "按零件直径选择切断 / 切断刀片宽度",
            "columns": [
                "零件直径 D (mm)",
                "刀片宽度 CW (mm)",
                "最小实用宽度 (mm)",
                "装夹说明"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "零件直径 D (mm)": "D ≤ 10",
                    "刀片宽度 CW (mm)": "1.0",
                    "最小实用宽度 (mm)": "1.0",
                    "装夹说明": "细长棒料与管料：用最小宽度配最锋利刃口，把切削力和振动降到最低。"
                },
                {
                    "零件直径 D (mm)": "10 < D ≤ 25",
                    "刀片宽度 CW (mm)": "1.5",
                    "最小实用宽度 (mm)": "1.5",
                    "装夹说明": "中等直径切断；悬伸尽量短。"
                },
                {
                    "零件直径 D (mm)": "25 < D ≤ 40",
                    "刀片宽度 CW (mm)": "2.0",
                    "最小实用宽度 (mm)": "2.0",
                    "装夹说明": "装夹刚性好；2 刃刀片即可。"
                },
                {
                    "零件直径 D (mm)": "40 < D ≤ 50",
                    "刀片宽度 CW (mm)": "2.5",
                    "最小实用宽度 (mm)": "2.5",
                    "装夹说明": "—"
                },
                {
                    "零件直径 D (mm)": "50 < D ≤ 65",
                    "刀片宽度 CW (mm)": "3.0",
                    "最小实用宽度 (mm)": "3.0",
                    "装夹说明": "深切断：单刃刀片配稳定的弹性夹紧——这个力级下刀片稳定性是关键。"
                },
                {
                    "零件直径 D (mm)": "65 < D ≤ 100",
                    "刀片宽度 CW (mm)": "—",
                    "最小实用宽度 (mm)": "—",
                    "装夹说明": "没有经核实的厂商表格数值；大直径需要更高的刀板和稳定装夹。按制造商样本选型——不要外推。"
                },
                {
                    "零件直径 D (mm)": "D > 100",
                    "刀片宽度 CW (mm)": "—",
                    "最小实用宽度 (mm)": "—",
                    "装夹说明": "Sandvik 用 Y 轴 CoroCut QD 可切断到 ≈180 mm——那是装夹能力，不是宽度数值。"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "外圆、端面与内孔切槽",
            "columns": [
                "切槽类型",
                "宽度指引",
                "主要难点"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "切槽类型": "External grooving / parting",
                    "宽度指引": "Standard insert widths 1.0 / 1.5 / 2.0 / 2.5 / 3.0 mm — take the narrowest that carries the groove",
                    "主要难点": "窄刀板切削力小、材料浪费少，但要求装夹稳定、悬伸短。"
                },
                {
                    "切槽类型": "Face grooving",
                    "宽度指引": "No universal width table — the tool path follows the groove curvature",
                    "主要难点": "排屑和槽的弯曲半径决定刀具轨迹；悬伸与振动是主要难点。"
                },
                {
                    "切槽类型": "Internal grooving",
                    "宽度指引": "No published diameter-to-width table",
                    "主要难点": "悬伸长、排屑、振动与刀具稳定性；使用整体式或阻尼刀杆并通内冷。"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "按功能选择标准槽宽",
            "columns": [
                "槽的功能",
                "常用槽宽",
                "公差与相关尺寸",
                "标准"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "槽的功能": "O 形圈密封槽（静密封）",
                    "常用槽宽": "≈ 1.3–1.9 × cross-section (CS) — CS 1.8 → ≈ 2.3–3.4; CS 2.62 → ≈ 3.4–5.0; CS 3.53 → ≈ 4.6–6.7; CS 5.33 → ≈ 6.9–10.1 (mm)",
                    "公差与相关尺寸": "Static squeeze 15–30%; groove-bottom radius R0.1–0.3",
                    "标准": "ISO 3601-2 / GB/T 3452.3"
                },
                {
                    "槽的功能": "轴用挡圈槽（DIN 471 型）",
                    "常用槽宽": "Groove width = ring thickness s — shaft Ø30 → s ≈ 1.5; Ø50 → s ≈ 2.0; Ø100 → s ≈ 3.0 (mm)",
                    "公差与相关尺寸": "Shaft Ø30: groove-bottom diameter d3 ≈ 27.5–28.1 mm; width toleranced per the standard table",
                    "标准": "DIN 471 / GB/T 894.1"
                },
                {
                    "槽的功能": "螺纹退刀槽",
                    "常用槽宽": "At least the tool cutting width, plus a 0.5–1 mm margin",
                    "公差与相关尺寸": "Free tolerance; dimensioned as width × depth or width × diameter",
                    "标准": "GB/T 3-1997"
                },
                {
                    "槽的功能": "功能 / 非标准槽",
                    "常用槽宽": "2 / 2.5 / 3 / 4 mm — standard insert widths cut it without custom tooling",
                    "公差与相关尺寸": "Designer-defined; check the mating standard if a ring or seal seats in it",
                    "标准": "Standard insert width ladder (1 / 1.5 / 2 / 2.5 / 3)"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "caption": "悬伸、装夹与切削力",
            "columns": [
                "规则",
                "数值",
                "实际效果"
            ],
            "rows": [
                {
                    "规则": "先缩短悬伸，再考虑其他升级",
                    "数值": "Deflection grows with the cube of overhang: 100 → 80 mm overhang ≈ 0.51× the deflection",
                    "实际效果": "同宽度下，更短的悬伸胜过任何刀片升级。"
                },
                {
                    "规则": "Y 轴切断提高刚性",
                    "数值": "Y-axis parting: more than 6× the bending stiffness at a 60 mm blade overhang",
                    "实际效果": "振动更小，允许进给更高。"
                },
                {
                    "规则": "悬伸决定进给阈值",
                    "数值": "Overhang under 1.5 × blade height (H): recommended feed; beyond it, drop to the low end of the feed band",
                    "实际效果": "选择进给前先实测悬伸。"
                },
                {
                    "规则": "刀杆夹持长度要足够",
                    "数值": "Bar clamping length ≥ 4 × bar diameter D",
                    "实际效果": "夹持过短会让细长刀杆甩动并挤压刀板。"
                },
                {
                    "规则": "刀板越窄，切削力越小",
                    "数值": "Narrower insert: lower cutting force, less swarf; small widths lower radial force on fragile parts",
                    "实际效果": "代价是对装夹更敏感——靠近卡盘装夹并保持悬伸短。"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}