{ "slug": "material-density", "title": "材料密度表：重量与成本估算", "description": "20 种 CNC 常用材料的密度（g/cm³ 与 lb/in³）及 100 × 100 × 10 mm 毛坯的重量，附把图纸尺寸换算成材料成本的公式，报价前估重直接查表。", "lang": "zh", "tables": [ { "caption": "各材料的密度与参考毛坯重量", "columns": [ "材料", "牌号", "密度 (g/cm³)", "密度 (lb/in³)", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)", "来源" ], "rows": [ { "材料": "Aluminium 1060", "牌号": "UNS A91060", "密度 (g/cm³)": "2.705", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.09772", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.271", "来源": "MatWeb — Aluminum 1060-H12" }, { "材料": "Aluminium 6061-T6 / T651", "牌号": "UNS A96061", "密度 (g/cm³)": "2.70", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.0975", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.270", "来源": "MatWeb — Aluminum 6061-T4; 6061-T451" }, { "材料": "Aluminium 7075-T6 / T651", "牌号": "UNS A97075", "密度 (g/cm³)": "2.81", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.102", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.281", "来源": "MatWeb — Aluminum 7075-O" }, { "材料": "Copper, ETP", "牌号": "UNS C11000", "密度 (g/cm³)": "8.89", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.321", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.889", "来源": "MatWeb — ETP copper, UNS C11000" }, { "材料": "Brass, free-cutting", "牌号": "UNS C36000", "密度 (g/cm³)": "8.50", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.307", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.850", "来源": "MatWeb — free-cutting brass C36000, H02" }, { "材料": "Carbon steel 1045", "牌号": "UNS G10450", "密度 (g/cm³)": "7.87", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.284", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.787", "来源": "MatWeb — AISI 1045, hot rolled / cold drawn" }, { "材料": "Alloy steel 4140", "牌号": "UNS G41400", "密度 (g/cm³)": "7.85", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.284", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.785", "来源": "MatWeb — AISI 4140, normalized / quenched and tempered" }, { "材料": "Stainless steel 304", "牌号": "UNS S30400", "密度 (g/cm³)": "7.93", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.286", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.793", "来源": "ASTM A240/A276 + EN 10088-2 (1.4301) + JIS G4304 (three agreeing sources)" }, { "材料": "Stainless steel 316", "牌号": "UNS S31600", "密度 (g/cm³)": "7.92", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.286", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.792", "来源": "MatWeb — austenitic stainless 316, annealed" }, { "材料": "Stainless steel 17-4PH", "牌号": "UNS S17400", "密度 (g/cm³)": "7.80", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.282", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.780", "来源": "MatWeb — AK Steel 17-4 PH, condition H925" }, { "材料": "Titanium Ti-6Al-4V, Grade 5", "牌号": "UNS R56400", "密度 (g/cm³)": "4.43", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.160", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.443", "来源": "MatWeb — Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5), STA" }, { "材料": "Mould steel P20", "牌号": "1.2311", "密度 (g/cm³)": "7.81", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.282", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.781", "来源": "MatWeb — P20 Premium Modified, hardened 310 HB" }, { "材料": "Hot-work tool steel H13", "牌号": "1.2344", "密度 (g/cm³)": "7.80", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.282", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.780", "来源": "MatWeb — ATI Allegheny Ludlum H13, UNS T20813" }, { "材料": "Grey cast iron HT250", "牌号": "EN-GJL-250; ASTM A48 Class 35", "密度 (g/cm³)": "7.20", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.260", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.720", "来源": "MatWeb — gray cast iron category average (35 grades)" }, { "材料": "Acetal POM (Delrin), unreinforced", "牌号": "—", "密度 (g/cm³)": "1.41", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.0509", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.141", "来源": "Ensinger TECAFORM MT datasheet" }, { "材料": "Nylon PA6, MC", "牌号": "—", "密度 (g/cm³)": "1.14", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.0412", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.114", "来源": "Mitsubishi Chemical Ertalon 6 SA datasheet" }, { "材料": "PEEK, unreinforced", "牌号": "—", "密度 (g/cm³)": "1.31", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.0473", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.131", "来源": "Ensinger TECAPEEK datasheet" }, { "材料": "ABS, general purpose", "牌号": "—", "密度 (g/cm³)": "1.04", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.0376", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.104", "来源": "Ensinger TECARAN ABS datasheet" }, { "材料": "PTFE (Teflon)", "牌号": "—", "密度 (g/cm³)": "2.15", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.0777", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.215", "来源": "Ensinger TECAFLON PTFE datasheet" }, { "材料": "HDPE (PE)", "牌号": "—", "密度 (g/cm³)": "0.95", "密度 (lb/in³)": "0.0343", "毛坯重量，100 × 100 × 10 mm (kg)": "0.095", "来源": "Ensinger TECAFINE HDPE natural product datasheet" } ] }, { "caption": "从图纸尺寸到重量", "columns": [ "形状", "公式", "算例", "说明" ], "rows": [ { "形状": "矩形块", "公式": "kg = L × W × T × ρ ÷ 1,000,000", "算例": "6061 的 100 × 100 × 10 mm：100 cm³ × 2.70 = 0.270 kg", "说明": "按订单上的具体牌号取对应密度行。" }, { "形状": "圆棒", "公式": "kg = π × D² ÷ 4 × L × ρ ÷ 1,000,000", "算例": "6061 的 Ø50 × 300 mm：截面积 1,963.50 mm²，体积 589.05 cm³，质量 1.590 kg", "说明": "材料单价为 $X/kg 时，棒料成本为 1.590 × $X。" }, { "形状": "管材 / 空心型材", "公式": "kg = π ÷ 4 × (Dₒ² − Dᵢ²) × L × ρ ÷ 1,000,000", "算例": "先减去内孔面积，再乘以长度和密度", "说明": "适用于任何空心型材——外面积减内面积。" }, { "形状": "英制单位", "公式": "lb = L × W × T × ρ", "算例": "尺寸用英寸，ρ 取上表中的 lb/in³", "说明": "全程用英寸——无需 25.4 换算。" } ] }, { "caption": "按单件比较成本，而不是按公斤", "columns": [ "材料", "毛坯重量 (kg)", "材料成本（按 $X/kg 计）" ], "rows": [ { "材料": "Aluminium 6061", "毛坯重量 (kg)": "0.270", "材料成本（按 $X/kg 计）": "0.270 × $X" }, { "材料": "Aluminium 7075", "毛坯重量 (kg)": "0.281", "材料成本（按 $X/kg 计）": "0.281 × $X" }, { "材料": "Stainless steel 304", "毛坯重量 (kg)": "0.793", "材料成本（按 $X/kg 计）": "0.793 × $X" }, { "材料": "Titanium Ti-6Al-4V", "毛坯重量 (kg)": "0.443", "材料成本（按 $X/kg 计）": "0.443 × $X" } ] }, { "caption": "成品重量与采购重量", "columns": [ "步骤", "计算", "结果" ], "rows": [ { "步骤": "机加工利用率", "计算": "0.200 ÷ 0.270", "结果": "74.1%" }, { "步骤": "变成切屑的材料", "计算": "0.270 − 0.200", "结果": "0.070 kg (25.9% of the blank)" }, { "步骤": "切屑的成本", "计算": "0.070 kg × $X/kg", "结果": "Already invoiced — quote material on the purchased weight and show the yield as a separate line" } ] }, { "caption": "密度什么时候会变", "columns": [ "情况", "变化内容", "处理方式" ], "rows": [ { "情况": "P20 mould steel", "变化内容": "7.81 g/cm³ at room temperature → 7.75 hardened to 310 HB; H13 goes 7.81 → 7.78 → 7.67 → 7.53 as it heats toward 400 / 800 °C", "处理方式": "按室温值报价，并在报价单上注明状态。" }, { "情况": "POM (Delrin)", "变化内容": "unreinforced 1.41 · black 1.42 · PTFE-filled 1.43 · 25% glass-filled 1.54", "处理方式": "注明具体牌号——玻纤增强毛坯比未增强牌号重 9%。" }, { "情况": "PEEK", "变化内容": "unreinforced 1.31 · 30% glass 1.37 · 50% carbon 1.52", "处理方式": "注明增强方式——50% 碳纤比纯 PEEK 重 16%。" }, { "情况": "Nylon PA6", "变化内容": "equilibrium moisture uptake 8%", "处理方式": "存放已久的尼龙零件比干态计算值更重。" } ] } ] }